Because international shipping can transport large quantities of goods, the cost is low and the transportation time is longer than land transportation.
Land transport includes road and rail.
Highways are highly flexible, have low construction investment, are easy to adapt to local conditions, and can realize door-to-door transportation;
Disadvantages: The unit transportation cost is relatively high.
Railway, advantages: fast transportation speed, large carrying capacity, not affected by natural conditions;
Disadvantages: large construction investment, can only travel on fixed routes, poor flexibility, needs to be coordinated and connected with other transportation modes, and short-distance transportation costs are high.
Chartering means chartering a whole ship. Chartering costs are lower than liner shipping, and direct routes can be chosen, so bulk cargo is generally transported by chartering. There are two main types of chartering: fixed-range chartering and time chartering.
Scheduled charter. Scheduled voyage chartering is a chartering method based on the voyage, also known as voyage chartering. The ship owner must complete the cargo transportation task according to the voyage specified in the charter party, and be responsible for the operation and management of the ship and all expenses incurred during the voyage. Freight for voyage charter is generally calculated based on the quantity of cargo shipped, and may also be calculated based on the voyage charter amount.